Plasma is considered the fourth state of matter. The three other states are solid, liquid, and gas. Plasma is a cloud of protons, neutrons and electrons where all the electrons have come loose from their respective molecules and atoms, giving the plasma the ability to act as a whole rather than as a bunch of atoms. A plasma is more like a gas than any of the other states of matter because the atoms are not in constant contact with each other, but it behaves differently from a gas. It has what scientists call collective behavior. This means that the plasma can flow like a liquid or it can contain areas that are like clumps of atoms sticking together.
What is an ion ?
An ion is a charged atom or molecule. It is charged because the number of electrons do not equal the number of protons in the atom or molecule. An atom can acquire a positive charge or a negative charge depending on whether the number of electrons in an atom is greater or less then the number of protons in the atom.
When an atom is attracted to another atom because it has an unequal number of electrons and protons, the atom is called an ION. If the atom has more electrons than protons, it is a negative ion, or ANION. If it has more protons than electrons,it is a positive ion.
What is a cathode and anode ?
A 'Cathode' is a Negatively charged Electrode that attracts the Positive ions in a Circuit or Chemical reaction.
The 'Anode' is the Positively charged Electrode that attracts the Negative ions (Anions) in a Circuit or Chemical reaction.
References: http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-a-magnetron.htm
http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/projects/vss/docs/propulsion/2-what-is-plasma.html
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